EV (Electric Vehicle) 

Electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by an electric motor that is powered by a battery pack. The main advantage of EVs is that they emit zero emissions and are eco-friendly. They also do not consume any fossil fuels, hence use a sustainable form of energy for powering the car. The main components of electric vehicles are: Traction battery pack: It powers the electric motors of an electric vehicle. The battery acts as an electrical storage system. It stores energy in the form of DC current. The range will be higher with increasing kW of the battery. The lifetime of a traction battery pack is estimated to be 200,000 miles 1. DC-DC Converter: It distributes the output power that is coming from the battery to a required level. It also provides the voltage required to charge the auxiliary battery 

• 1. Electric motor: It converts the electrical energy into kinetic energy. This energy rotates the wheels. An important feature of an electric motor is the regenerative braking mechanism. This mechanism slows down the vehicle by converting its kinetic energy into another form, and storing it for future use. There are basically two types of motors DC and AC motors 12. Power Inverter: It coverts DC power from the batteries to AC power. It also converts the AC current generated during regenerative braking into DC current. This is further used to recharge the batteries. 

• The inverter can change the speed of the motor 2. Charge Port: It connects the electric vehicle to an external supply. It charges the battery pack. The charge port is sometimes located in the front or rear part of electric vehicle components 1. Onboard charger: It is used to convert the AC supply received from the charge port to DC supply. The on-board charger is located and installed inside the car. It monitors various battery characteristics and controls the current flowing inside the battery pack 1. Controller: It performs the regulation of electrical energy from the batteries to the electric motors. The pedal set by the driver determines the speed of the car and frequency of variation of voltage that is input to the motor. It also controls the torque produced 1. Auxiliary batteries: They are used to power the car’s accessories, such as the lights, radio, and air conditioning 1.  

Electric Vehicle

Several Type of EV System :

• HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
• PHEV (Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
• BEV / EV / AEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) / Electric Vehicle / All Electric Vehicle

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be charged using three charging levels: 

• Level 1, 
• Level 2, and 
• Level 3. Here’s a brief overview of each level: Block The demand comparison of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Vehicles (EV) is a complex topic that depends on various factors such as the cost of the vehicle, fuel prices, maintenance costs, and environmental impact. According to a post on The Driven, EVs are more energy-efficient than ICE cars, and they consume less energy to travel the same distance 1. 

This means that EVs have lower operating costs than ICE cars. However, the initial cost of purchasing an EV is higher than that of an ICE car. Another post on Mer UK states that ICEs have an efficiency of only around 40%, with 60% lost via heat and friction. As a result, ICEs consume far more energy traveling the same distance as an EV 2. It’s worth noting that the demand for EVs is increasing globally, and many countries are offering incentives to promote the adoption of EVs. For example, the UK government has announced a ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030